Project Description
Alloy 616, designated as AISI 422 and UNS S42200, is a hardenable martensitic stainless steel strengthened with chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, and vanadium for sustained high-temperature service up to 649°C (1200°F). Covered under AMS 5655 and ASTM A565 Grade 616, the alloy delivers exceptional creep-rupture strength, oxidation resistance, and deep hardenability that make it the material of choice for steam turbine blades, gas turbine compressor components, high-temperature bolting, and critical valve internals across the power generation and oil & gas industries. Its balanced 12% chromium chemistry with deliberate Mo–W–V carbide formers ensures microstructural stability and resistance to temper embrittlement at continuous operating temperatures where conventional 12% Cr grades fall short.
Alloy 616 / S42200 — Overview
Alloy 616 (AISI 422, UNS S42200) is a 12% Cr martensitic stainless steel formulated for high strength-to-weight applications from ambient temperature to 649°C (1200°F). Unlike unmodified 410 or 420 grades, Alloy 616 incorporates tungsten and molybdenum as solid-solution strengtheners plus vanadium for fine-grain carbide dispersion, yielding superior creep-rupture life, hot hardness retention, and resistance to steam oxidation. Widely specified under AMS 5655 (bars/wire/forging), ASTM A565 Grade 616, and DIN 1.4935 / EN 1.4923, this grade has served as a turbine blade and bolting staple for over six decades. SHUNFU METAL supplies Alloy 616 bar stock manufactured under an ISO 9001 and API Q1 certified quality management system, ensuring full material traceability from certified mills through final inspection and delivery.
Equivalent Standards of Alloy 616 / S42200
| Standard | Specification | Grade |
|---|---|---|
| ASTM | A565 | 616 |
| ASTM | A959 | S42200 |
| AMS | 5655 | Bar / Wire / Forging H&T |
| UNS | — | S42200 |
| AISI | — | 422 / 616 |
| EN | 1.4923 | X22CrMoV12-1 |
| DIN | 1.4935 | X20CrMoWV12-1 |
| GOST | — | 15Х11МФ (15Ch11MF) |
| JIS | G4311 | SUH616 |
| GB | GB/T 1221 | 2Cr12NiMoWV |
| BS | BS 970 | 442S19 |
SHUNFU METAL sources Alloy 616 from major certified special steel mills. Each heat is verified against applicable AMS and ASTM specifications with full 3.1 certification traceable to the originating melt, processed through API Q1 and ISO 9001 audited supply chain controls.
Oil & Gas Applications of Alloy 616 / S42200
Alloy 616 is specified across upstream, midstream, and downstream oil and gas equipment where high-temperature strength, creep resistance, and resistance to steam and sour hydrocarbon environments are demanded simultaneously. Its ability to retain over 60% of room-temperature tensile strength at 600°C makes it particularly suited for rotating and pressure-containing components in hot-service applications.
Turbine Components
Steam turbine blades and buckets, gas turbine compressor blades, rotor discs, nozzle rings, diaphragm segments for oil & gas mechanical drive turbines
High-Temp Valves
Gate/globe/check valve stems, seat rings and discs, main steam valve bonnets, control valve trims, choke valve internals
Pumps & Compressors
Centrifugal pump shafts, impeller wear rings, reciprocating compressor rods, plunger bodies for high-pressure injection pumps
High-Temp Fasteners
Stud bolts and hex nuts for flanged joints above 500°C, tension rods, bonnet bolting, reactor closure studs for hydrocracking units
Wellhead Equipment
High-pressure hanger necks, adapter spools, master valve stems, flange bolting for Xmas tree assemblies in high-temperature wells
BOP & Pressure Control
Shear ram shafts, bonnet bolts, operating rods, packer actuator components, accumulator manifold blocks
Boiler & HRSG
Superheater tube supports, reheater hanger rods, sootblower lance tubes, desuperheater spray nozzles for heat recovery steam generators
Refinery Equipment
FCC expansion joint hardware, reformer tube supports, delayed coker valve components, high-temperature process piping supports
Bar Stock Availability of S42200 from SHUNFU METAL
SHUNFU METAL inventories Alloy 616 / S42200 in a comprehensive range of rolled and forged bar forms, supported by in-house heat treatment capabilities including car-bottom furnaces (up to 15 m effective length), continuous annealing lines, and precision quenching-and-tempering lines with a monthly processing capacity exceeding 3,000 tons. All heat treatment cycles are executed under API Q1 and ISO 9001 controlled work instructions with full time–temperature chart recording for each batch.
| Product Form | Diameter / Thickness | Width | Length | Condition |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hot Rolled Round Bar | 6 mm – 250 mm | — | 3,000 mm – 9,000 mm | Annealed / Q&T / Peeled |
| Hot Rolled Flat Bar | 5 mm – 80 mm | 20 mm – 350 mm | 3,000 mm – 8,000 mm | Annealed / Q&T |
| Forged Round Bar | 80 mm – 800 mm | — | 2,000 mm – 8,000 mm | Annealed / Q&T / Rough Machined |
| Forged Flat / Block | 30 mm – 450 mm | 150 mm – 1,000 mm | 1,000 mm – 6,000 mm | Annealed / Q&T / Rough Machined |
Chemical Composition of S42200 per AMS 5655
The chemical composition of Alloy 616 (UNS S42200) is governed by AMS 5655 and ASTM A565 Grade 616. The deliberate addition of tungsten and molybdenum — combined with vanadium for grain refinement — distinguishes this grade from simpler 12% Cr martensitic stainless steels. SHUNFU METAL verifies each heat through OES analysis under ISO 9001 and API Q1 protocols, with certified 3.1 mill test reports provided with every shipment.
| Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Ni | Mo | W | V | Fe |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Range (wt%) | 0.20–0.25 | 0.50 max | 0.50–1.00 | 0.025 max | 0.025 max | 11.0–12.5 | 0.50–1.00 | 0.90–1.25 | 0.90–1.25 | 0.20–0.30 | Bal. |
Mechanical Properties of Alloy 616 / S42200
The mechanical properties of Alloy 616 are developed through quenching from 1020–1050°C followed by tempering in the 620–675°C range. The table below presents both AMS 5655 minimums and ASTM A565 dual-condition requirements. SHUNFU METAL provides certified test reports for each production lot and can tailor heat treatment to meet specific hardness windows and strength requirements for oil and gas OEM specifications.
| Condition | Tensile Strength Rm (MPa) |
Yield Strength Rp0.2 (MPa) |
Elongation A% | Reduction of Area Z% | Hardness HBW |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AMS 5655 H&T Q&T at 620°C |
965 min | 760 min | 13 | 25 | 293–341 |
| ASTM A565 HT Q&T at 620°C |
965 min | 760 min | 13 | 30 | 302–352 |
| ASTM A565 T Q&T at 675°C |
825 min | 585 min | 17 | 35 | 241–285 |
Quenching: 1020–1050°C, oil or air cool. Tempering: as indicated, minimum 2 h hold. Typical hot tensile properties at 500°C retain approximately 70% of room-temperature yield strength. SHUNFU METAL’s in-house API Q1 controlled heat treatment furnaces deliver uniform and repeatable properties across entire production lots.