Natural Gas Pipeline Spacing Requirements: Metric Tables
Metric burial depths, horizontal and indoor clearances for natural gas pipelines: 1.0 m under roads, 0.7 m under footpaths and 0.5 m between parallel services.
Long-Distance Pipeline Inspection: Methods and QC Process
How long-distance pipeline inspection works: MFL vs ultrasonic ILI, subsea methods, and the six-step QC process from cleaning run to dig verification.
4330 Steel Data Sheet: 4330V and 4330V Mod Properties
AISI 4330V and 4330V Mod data sheet: chemistry, 135/150/155 ksi mechanical properties, AMS 6411 and ASTM A646 limits, heat treatment and forging ranges.
Welding Procedure for AISI 4130 High-Pressure Piping on Offshore Platforms
AISI 4130 offshore high-pressure piping: weldability analysis, GTAW root + SMAW fill procedure, preheat, PWHT and PQR test results per ASME IX, B31.3 and ABS MODU.
Analysis of Cracking in Hot Cutting and Welding of 17-4PH Stainless Steel Pipe Fittings
A production case study of cracking in 17-4PH stainless steel pipe fittings: how plasma cutting cracks and flange welding cracks formed, and the process fixes — preheating at 450–600°C before cutting, and welding in the solution-treated and aged condition.
Duplex Stainless Steel: A Practical Guide
A practical guide to duplex stainless steel: classification and PREN of lean, standard, super and hyper duplex grades, chemistry and alloying elements, metallurgy, corrosion resistance, and mechanical and physical properties.



